The Armenians, in the face of such abuses and violence by the Ottoman government-sponsored irregulars, have established revolutionary organizations, namely the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (Hunchak; founded in Switzerland in 1887) and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (the ARF or Dashnaktsutiun, founded in 1890 in Tiflis).
Clashes have ensued and unrest occurs in 1892 at Merzifon and in 1893 at Tokat.