The Muslims, having defeated the Visigoths in…

The Muslims, having defeated the Visigoths in a seven-year campaign, are by 718 masters of almost the entire Iberian peninsula, having pushed the Spanish Christians and Visigoths into the mountains of the north and west and advanced as far north as the Pyrenees.

Muslims of different nationalities—Arabs, Syrians, Berbers—begin to settle in Spain, particularly in the rich southern lands, which they call al-Andalus (Vandalusia), after the region's former Vandal rulers.

During the wars between Christians and Muslims, Jewish courtiers will be valued as diplomats, translators, and advisors to both sides.