The openly anti-Jewish policies pursued by the…

The openly anti-Jewish policies pursued by the new tsar and the popularity of these policies among large segments of the non-Jewish population pose serious political, economic, and spiritual dilemmas for Russian Jewry.

On the economic level, the tsar's policies severely limit Jewish economic opportunities and undermine the livelihood of the Jewish masses.

Many impoverished East European Jews, therefore, emigrate from the Russian Empire.