The proto-Magyars around the Don River are…

The proto-Magyars around the Don River are subordinates of the Khazar Khaganate.

Their neighbors are the archaeological Saltov Culture, i.e.

Bulgars (Proto-Bulgarians, descendants of the Onogurs) and the Alans, from whom they learned gardening, elements of cattle breeding and of agriculture.

The Bulgars and Magyars have shared a long-lasting relationship in Khazaria, either by alliance or rivalry.

The system of two rulers (later known as kende and gyula) is also thought to be a major inheritance from the Khazars.

Tradition holds that the Magyars are organized at this time in a confederacy of tribes called the Hét Magyar, whose tribes are Jenő, Kér, Keszi, Kürt-Gyarmat, Megyer (Magyar), Nyék, and Tarján.

The confederacy had been formed as a border defending allies of Khazaria, mainly during the reign of Khagan Bulan, the Khazar king who led the conversion of the Khazars to Judaism, and Ovadyah, with the Magyar tribe as ascendant.

A civil war breaks out in the Khazar khaganate around 830.

As a result, three dissident tribes of the Khazars, called Kabars, join the seven Magyar tribes and they move to ...