The Turkish invasion and its climactic siege…
1530 CE
The Turkish invasion and its climactic siege had exacted a heavy toll upon both sides, with tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians left dead in its wake.
However, it is a milestone that marks the end of Suleiman's expansion toward the center of Europe and, arguably, the beginning of the stagnation and decline of the Ottoman Empire as the dominant power of the Renaissance world.
Suleiman's retreat, however, did not mark a complete failure.
The campaign had underlined and maintained Ottoman control of the southern Pannonian Plain and left behind a trail of collateral damage in the neighboring Habsburg Hungary and Austria that impairs Ferdinand's capacity to mount a sustained counter-attack.
Suleiman's achievement is to consolidate the gains of 1526 and further establish the puppet-kingdom of John Zápolya as a buffer-state against the Holy Roman Empire.
Ferdinand I erects a funeral monument for the German mercenary Niklas Graf Salm, head of the mercenary relief force dispatched to Vienna, as a token of appreciation to his efforts.
Niklas had survived the initial siege attempt, but had been injured during the last Ottoman assault and dies on May 4, 1530.
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