The Flavian dynasty is a Roman Imperial Dynasty that rules the Roman Empire between 69 and 96 CE, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69–79), and his two sons Titus (79–81) and Domitian (81–96).
The Flavians rise to power during the civil war of 69, known as the Year of the Four Emperors.
After Galba and Otho die in quick succession, Vitellius becomes emperor in mid 69.
His claim to the throne is quickly challenged by legions stationed in the Eastern provinces, who declare their commander Vespasian Emperor in his place.
The Second Battle of Bedriacum tilts the balance decisively in favor of the Flavian forces, who enter Rome on December 20.
The following day, the Roman Senate officially declares Vespasian emperor of the Roman Empire, thus commencing the Flavian dynasty.
Although the dynasty proves to be short-lived, several significant historic, economic and military events take place during their reign.The reign of Titus is struck by multiple natural disasters, the most severe of which is the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79.
The surrounding cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum are completely buried under ash and lava.
One year later, Rome is struck by fire and a plague.
On the military front, the Flavian dynasty witnesses the siege and destruction of Jerusalem by Titus in 70, following the failed Jewish rebellion of 66.
Substantial conquests are made in Britain under the command of Gnaeus Julius Agricola between 77 and 83, while Domitian is unable to procure a decisive victory against King Decebalus in the war against the Dacians.
In addition, the Empire strengthens its border defenses by expanding the fortifications along the Limes Germanicus.The Flavians initiate economic and cultural reforms.
Under Vespasian, new taxes are devised to restore the Empire's finances, while Domitian revalues the Roman coinage by increasing its silver content.
A massive building program is enacted to celebrate the ascent of the Flavian dynasty, leaving multiple enduring landmarks in the city of Rome, the most spectacular of which is the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as the Colosseum.Flavian rule comes to an end on September 18, 96, when Domitian is assassinated.
He is succeeded by the longtime Flavian supporter and advisor Marcus Cocceius Nerva, who founds the long-lived Nervan-Antonian dynasty.
