Anna Leopoldovna of Russia (December 18, 1718 – March 19, 1746), also known as Anna Karlovna, regent of Russia for a few months (1740–1741) during the minority of her baby son Ivan.
She is the daughter of Tsarevna Catherine of Russia (sister of Empress Anna) and of Charles Leopold, the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and born as Elisabeth Katharina Christine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.