Diophantus

Diophantus of Alexandria (b. between 200 and 214 CE, d. between 284 and 298 CE at age 84), sometimes called "the father of algebra", is an Alexandrian Greek mathematician and the author of a series of books called Arithmetica.

These texts deal with solving algebraic equations, many of which are now lost.

In studying Arithmetica, Pierre de Fermat concluded that a certain equation considered by Diophantus had no solutions, and noted without elaboration that he had found "a truly marvelous proof of this proposition," now referred to as Fermat's Last Theorem.

This led to tremendous advances in number theory, and the study of Diophantine equations ("Diophantine geometry") and of Diophantine approximations remain important areas of mathematical research.

Diophantus is the first Greek mathematician who recognizes fractions as numbers; thus he allows positive rational numbers for the coefficients and solutions.

In modern use, Diophantine equations are usually algebraic equations with integer coefficients, for which integer solutions are sought.

Diophantus also made advances in mathematical notation.

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