The return of England to Catholicism leads…

1540 CE to 1683 CE

The return of England to Catholicism leads to the burnings of two hundred and seventy-four Protestants, which are recorded especially in John Foxe's Book of Martyrs.

Mary then marries her cousin Philip, son of Emperor Charles V, and King of Spain when Charles abdicates in 1556.

The union is a difficult one, since Mary is already in her late thirties and Philip is a Catholic and a foreigner, so not very welcome in England.

This wedding also has the effect of provoking the hostility of the French, already at war with Spain and now alarmed at the prospect of being completely encircled by the Habsburgs.

Calais, the last English outpost on the Continent, is now taken by France.

King Philip (1527–1598) has very little power, although he does protect Elizabeth.

He is not popular in England, and spends little time there.

Mary eventually becomes pregnant, or at least believes herself to be.

In reality, she may have had uterine cancer.

Her death in November 1558 is greeted with huge celebrations in the streets of London.

People
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor View → Elizabeth I View → John Foxe View → Mary I of England and Ireland View → Philip II of Spain View →

Groups
Papal States (Republic of St. Peter) View → Habsburg, House of View → Christians, Roman Catholic View → English people View → France, (Valois) Kingdom of View → England, (Tudor) Kingdom of View → Spain, Habsburg Kingdom of View → Habsburg Monarchy, or Empire View → Anglicans (Episcopal Church of England) View →

Topics
English Reformation View →

Subjects
Conflict View → Custom and Law View →

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