Marsilius had in 1327 accompanied excommunicated Louis…

Marsilius had in 1327 accompanied excommunicated Louis the Bavarian to Rome, where the latter, also supported by philosopher John of Jandun and some disaffected Franciscan friar, has himself crowned emperor by lay officials in Rome in 1328 and installs as antipope a Spiritual Franciscan, Pietro Rainalducci.

Born at Corvaro, an ancient stronghold near Rieti in Lazio, Rainalducci had joined the Franciscan order after separating from his wife in 1310, and has become famous as a preacher.

He is by an assembly of priests and laymen, and consecrated at Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, on May 12, 1328 by the bishop of Venice.

After spending four months in Rome, ...