Pope Paul, nursing a violent hatred of…

December 1555 CE

Pope Paul, nursing a violent hatred of the Habsburgs and the Spanish, attempts to drive them from Naples by allying with France in December 1555, thus provoking war against Holy Roman Emperor Charles and his son Philip.

Spanish general and diplomat Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, third duque de Alba (also spelled Alva), made commander in chief of the imperial forces in Italy, serves here from 1555, distinguishing himself for his subtlety and generalship in the war against the Pope, in which Alba has been invested with unlimited power.

Success does not, however, attend his first attempts, and after several unfortunate attacks he is obliged to retire into winter quarters.

Locations
Rome > Roma Lazio Italy View →

People
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba View → Philip II of Spain View → Pope Paul IV View →

Groups
Jews View → Papal States (Republic of St. Peter) View → France, (Valois) Kingdom of View → Habsburg Monarchy, or Empire View → Spain, Habsburg Kingdom of View →

Topics
Protestant Reformation View → Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation or Catholic Revival) View → Italian War of 1551–1559, or Habsburg-Valois War View →

Commodities
Weapons View →

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Commerce View → Labor and Service View → Conflict View → Faith View → Government View → Technology View → Movements View →

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Group: Santa Maria del Algarve, Muslim statelet, or taifa, of
People: Al-Mundhir of Córdoba
Location: Mapungubwe Northern Province South Africa
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