The construction of Russian forts in the…
1888 CE to 1899 CE
The construction of Russian forts in the Kazakh steppe in the early nineteenth century had begun to have a destructive effect on the Kazakh traditional economy by limiting the once-vast territory over which the nomadic tribes could drive their herds and flocks.
The final disruption of nomadism begins in the 1890s, when many Russian settlers are introduced into the fertile lands of northern and eastern Kazakhstan.