The aging sultan 'Izz ad-Din Kilij Arslan…
May 1190 CE
The aging sultan 'Izz ad-Din Kilij Arslan II had in about 1186 appanaged his realm among his ten sons, a brother, and a nephew, in accordance with the notion of corporate rule prevalent in many Turkish states—which holds that all male members of the dynasty share equally in the sovereignty.
The political rivalries and disunity this measure produces among the Seljuq princes, coupled with the irruption of the Frankish warriors of the Third Crusade, who occupy Konya in 1190, temporarily ends the expansion of the Sultanate of Rüm and appears to nullify the Sultan’s achievement.
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