The Islamic caliphate was originally thought only…

Mpu Sindok, king of the Sanjaya Dynasty, moves the seat of power of the Mataram kingdom from Central Java to East Java in 929, probably as a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi and/or invasion from Srivijaya.

The historic massive volcano eruption is popularly known as Pralaya Mataram (the death of Mataram).

The evidence for this eruption can be seen in several temples that were virtually buried under Merapi's lahar and volcanic debris, such as the Sambisari, Morangan, Kedulan, and Pustakasala temples.

Another theory suggests that the shift of capital city eastward was to avoid a Srivijaya invasion, or was motivated by economic reasons.

The Brantas river valley is considered to be a strategic location for the control of maritime trade routes to the eastern parts of archipelago, being especially vital for control of the Maluku spice trade.

The new capital of the kingdom is Watugaluh, on the banks of the Brantas River, near the present day Jombang Regency.

The name of the new kingdom is changed from Mataram to "Medang", although it is still frequently referred to as "Mataram" in various pieces of literature.

Mpu Sindok is also the founder of the Isyana Dynasty, and thus the new kingdom is also sometimes referred to as "Isyana".

An inscription currently in the museum of Kolkata, India, describes Mpu Sindok's descendants down to Airlangga, in the eleventh century.

Mpu Sindok has two wives, one of whom, Sri Parameswari Dyah Kbi, is probably the daughter of Dyah Wawa, the preceding king of Mataram in Central Java.

Thus, Mpu Sindok had succeeded to the throne of Mataram because of his marriage.

Henry next invades the Glomacze lands on the middle Elbe river, conquering the capital Gana (Jahna; probably located near present-day Stauchitz), exterminates the defenders after a siege, and has a fortress (the later Albrechtsburg) erected on the hill of Meissen (Mišno).

The joint forces of Duke Arnulf of Bavaria and King Henry I reach Prague early in 929 in a sudden attack, which forces Wenceslas to resume the payment of a tribute which had been first imposed by the East Frankish king Arnulf of Carinthia in 895.

Henry had been forced to pay a huge tribute to the Magyars in 926 and he therefore needs the Bohemian tribute that Wenceslas had probably refused to pay any longer after the reconciliation between Arnulf and Henry.

One of the possible reasons for Henry's attack is also the formation of the anti-Saxon alliance between Bohemia, the Polabian Slavs and the Magyars.

The Slavic Redarii have meanwhile driven away their chief, captured the town of Walsleben, and massacred the inhabitants.

Counts Bernard and Thietmar march against the fortress of Lenzen beyond the Elbe, and, after fierce fighting, completely rout the enemy on September 4, 929.

Otto, the oldest son of Henry I and Matilda, first gains experience as a military commander when the German kingdom fights against Slavic tribes on its eastern border.

While campaigning against the Slavs in 929, Otto's illegitimate son William, the future Archbishop of Mainz, is born to a Slavic mother.

With Henry's dominion over the entire kingdom secured by 929, his family is given the right of sole succession over the kingdom.

Henry has the arrangement for his succession ratified by an Imperial Diet at Erfurt.

After his death, his lands and wealth are to be divided between his four sons: Thankmar, Otto, Henry, and Bruno.

Departing from customary Carolingian inheritance, the King designates Otto as the sole heir apparent without a prior formal election by the various dukes.

Guy dies on February 3, 929, having had one daughter, Theodora (or Bertha), and probably a few other children of which nothing else is known, none of which survive him.

His brother Lambert succeeds him as count and duke of Lucca and Margrave of Tuscany.

Henry, while consolidating power within Germany, prepares for an alliance with Anglo-Saxon England by finding a bride for Otto.

Association with another royal house will give Henry additional legitimacy and strengthen the bonds between the two Saxon kingdoms.

King Æthelstan of England to seal the alliance sends Henry his two half sisters Eadgyth and Ælfgifu so he can choose the one that best pleases him.

Henry selects Eadgyth as Otto's bride and in 929 the two are married.

Usan-guk, or the State of Usan, occupies Ulleung-do and the adjacent islands during the Korean Three Kingdoms period.

According to the Samguk Sagi, it was conquered by the Silla general Kim Isabu in 512.

He is said to have used wooden lions or tigers to intimidate the residents into surrendering.

Usan-guk rarely enters into historical records, but appears to have continued a largely autonomous existence until its annexation to Goryeo in 930.

Ahmad ibn Fadlan, in his travelogue, circa 922, had written “The Khazars and their king are all Jews”.Persian historian and geographer Ibn al-Faqih, writes in his famous Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan ("Concise Book of Lands"), circa 930, “All of the Khazars are Jews.

But they have been Judaized recently.”

Ibn Muqla was born in Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, in 885/886.

His career in public service had begun in Fars, where he had served as tax collector.

His rise to power in the central government had come in 908, under the patronage of the powerful vizier Abu 'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat, who had given him charge of official dispatches.

It is at this time, under the ineffectual rule of Caliph al-Muqtadir, that the civil bureaucracy reaches its apex of power in the Abbasid court, but at the same time the achievements of previous reigns in restoring the Caliphate's fortunes collapse due to chronic financial shortages.

Throughout the period, the political scene in Baghdad is dominated by Ibn al-Furat and his faction (the Banu 'l-Furat), his rival Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah and the faction gathered around him (the Banu 'l-Jarrah), and the powerful chief of the military, Mu'nis al-Khadim.

Despite his close ties to Ibn al-Furat, which had been reaffirmed during the latter's second tenure in 917–918, Ibn Muqlahad had eventually turned against him.

His next promotion had come during the de facto 918–928 vizierate of Ali ibn Isa, when he assumed the important department (diwan) of the public estates.

By cultivating the friendship of the powerful chamberlain (hadjib) Nasr, Ibn Muqla had managed to secure the post of vizier for himself after Ali's disgrace in 928.

His vizierate, however, is marked by extreme internal instability, including a short-lived coup in 929, instigated by Mu'nis, which had deposed al-Muqtadir in favor of his brother al-Qahir.

Despite the coup's failure, Mu'nis and his close ally Ali ibn Isa now dominate the government, which leads to Ibn Muqla's dismissal in 930.