Imperial Russia and Persia (modern day Iran)…
October 1813 CE
The peace negotiations had been precipitated by Lankaran's fall to Gen. Pyotr Kotlyarevsky on 1 January 1813.
The treaty confirms the ceding and inclusion of what is today Daghstan, eastern Georgia, most of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and parts of northern Armenia from Iran into the Russian Empire.
The text is prepared by the British diplomat Sir Gore Ouseley who serves as the mediator and wields great influence at the Persian court.
It is signed by Nikolai Rtischev from the Russian side and Mirza Abolhassan Khan Ilchi from the Persian side.
The result of the treaty is that it forcefully cedes the bulk of Iran's Caucasian territories, while it also directly contributes to the outbreak of the next war of the nineteenth century, namely the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828).
Under the Treaty of Turkmenchay that comes out of the 1826-1828 war, the last Caucasian territories will be stripped off from Iran, comprising modern-day Armenia and the remaining part of contemporary Azerbaijan that remained in Iranian hands.
By 1828, Iran will have lost, through the Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties, all its aforementioned integral territories in Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus, The area to the North of the river Aras, among which the territory of the contemporary nations of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the North Caucasian Republic of Dagestan have been Iranian territory until they are occupied by Russia in the course of the nineteenth century.
As a further direct result and consequence of the Gulistan treaty in combination with the successive Turkmenchay treaty of 1828, the formerly Iranian territories will become now part of Russia for around the next one hundred and eighty years, except Dagestan, which will remain a Russian possession ever since.
Out of the greater part of the territory, three separate nations will be formed through the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, namely Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.
Lastly and equally important, as a result of Russia's imposing of the two treaties, it also decisively parts the Azerbaijanis and Talysh ever since between the two nations.
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