The Ottoman fleet, with its one hundred…
April 1544 CE
They raid Barcelona in Spain, and Sanremo, Borghetto Santo Spirito, Ceriale in Italy, and defeat Italo-Spanish naval attacks.
Sailing with his whole fleet to Genoa, Barbarossa negotiates with Andrea Doria the release of Turgut Reis.
France provides about ten million kilograms of bread to supply the Ottoman army during the six months it stays in Toulon, and for the provisioning of the following summer's campaign and return to Constantinople.
It seems the involvement of Francis I to this joint effort with the Ottomans is rather halfhearted however, as many European powers are complaining about such an alliance against another Christian power.
Relations remain tense and suspicious between the two allies.
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Ottoman-Habsburg Wars
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Protestant Reformation
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Little War in Hungary
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Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation or Catholic Revival)
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Italian War of 1542-6, or Italian War between Charles V and Francis I, Fourth
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Anglo-French War of 1542-46
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Anglo-Scottish War of 1542-49 (War of The Rough Wooing)
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Nice, Siege of
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