This success is followed, however, by the…

Qutayba’s campaign of 708 had also been a failure, which had drawn the ire of al-Hajjaj.

For 709, al-Hajjaj draws up a new plan for his subordinate: the Arabs launch a direct attack on Bukhara, which catches the alliance—possibly weakened by the death of its leader, the Wardan Khudah—by surprise.

The city is taken by storm, a tribute of two hundred thousand dirhams imposed, and an Arab garrison installed.

In its direct aftermath, Tarkhun, the ruler of Samarkand, sends envoys to Qutayba and becomes a tributary vassal to the Caliphate.

The Hephthalite princes of Tokharistan rebel against the Arabs later in the year, but are swiftly subdued by Qutayba.

The Khorasanian garrisons also conquer Tashkent, …

…Samarkand, …

…Khwarezm, and …

…Fergana.

Maslama raids into the region of Isauria in 709.

In the same year, Maslama is appointed military governor of Armenia and Azerbaijan, succeeding his uncle Muhammad ibn Marwan.

He had already holds the post of governor of Jund Qinnasrin, which is based around Aleppo.

His governorship of this province is not as well-documented by early Arabic chroniclers as his other posts, although contemporary historian Jere L. Bacharach claims Maslama was the likely patron of the Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo and possibly some construction works in Qinnasrin.

Emperor Justinian II sends a fleet to Italy under the patrikios Theodore, to intervene in the dispute between Pope Constantine and the archbishop Felix of Ravenna, who claims to be independent of the pope's authority.

Theodore arrests Felix and other Italian leaders and deports them to Constantinople, whence they are exiled to Cherson.

Itzamnaaj B'alam has a second wife named Lady Eveningstar of Calakmul with whom he has a son named Yaxun Bʻalam.

One of Itzamnaaj B'alam's greatest accomplishments is the construction of what is now called Temple 23.

At Temple 23, Lady Xoc is shown performing a bloodletting ritual for three different occasions: Itz'amnáj B'alam's accession to the throne, the birth of Yaxun Bʻalam, and the dedication of Temple 23.

He chose Yaxun Bʻalam to be his successor despite the fact that Lady Xoc, his other wife, had a strategically important bloodline.

Heijo (Nara), founded in 706 as the intended seat of the Japanese government, modeled after the Chinese T'ang dynasty's capital of Ch’ang-an (Xi'an), is completed in 710.

The city becomes the permanent seat of Japanese government, inaugurating the so-called Nara period.

The Chinese-influenced “Tachibana Shrine,” a miniature shrine owned by the Horyu temple in Nara expresses the complex iconography of Amida, the Buddha of the Western Paradise, in the triad of Amida and two bodhisattvas seated on lotus pedestals rising from a pond; behind them stands a low-relief bronze screen portraying a placid scene of the souls reborn in the Western Paradise.

Abd al-Rahman is able to reestablish Muslim control over Tokharistan almost without bloodshed in spring 710.

Most of the rebel rulers flee or capitulate, and finally, Nizak is captured and executed on al-Hajjaj's orders, despite promises of pardon, while the Yabghu is exiled to Damascus and kept there as a hostage.

Tokharistan is more firmly incorporated into the Caliphate, as Arab district representatives are appointed alongside the local princes, who are gradually relegated to secondary positions.

Qutayba's brother Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim is installed with a garrison near Balkh to oversee the affairs of the province.

Despite the swift end of Nizak's revolt, the king of Shuman and Akharun decides to rebel as well.

Qutayba leads his forces against him, besieges his citadel and takes it.

The king falls in battle, and his supporters are executed.

Qutayba then marches west over the Iron Gate, taking Kish and Nasaf and visiting Bukhara, where he settles relations between the Arabs and the locals, installed the young Sogdian prince Tughshada in the position of Bukhar Khudah and establishes an Arab military colony in the city.