François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, also Toussaint Bréda, Toussaint-Louverture (c. 1743 – April 7, 1803) is the leader of the Haitian Revolution.
His military genius and political acumen lead to the establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire society of slaves into a free, self-governing people.
The success of the Haitian Revolution shakes the institution of slavery throughout the New World.
Toussaint Louverture begains his military career as a leader of the 1791 slave rebellion in the French colony of Saint Domingue.
Initially allied with the Spaniards of neighboring Santo Domingo, Toussaint switches allegiance to the French when they abolish slavery.
He gradually establishes control over the whole island, expels British invaders and uses political and military tactics to gain dominance over his rivals.
Throughout his years in power, he works to improve the economy and security of Saint Domingue.
He restores the plantation system using free labor, negotiates trade treaties with Britain and the United States and maintains a large and well-disciplined army.
n 1801, he promulgates an autonomist constitution for the colony, with himself as governor for life.
In 1802, he is forced to resign by forces sent by Napoleon Bonaparte to restore French authority in the colony.
He is deported to France, where he dies in 1803.
The Haitian Revolution continues under his lieutenant, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who declares independence in 1804.
