…leads the plunder-laden Visigoths south, where they…

Emperor Mingyuan sends one of his advisors, Baba Song the Duke of Nanping, to attack the Rouran, in 410 and when Baba is surrounded by Rouran troops, Emperor Mingyuan personally leads an army to relieve Baba.

Guanggu falls in spring 410, and Murong Chao is captured.

Liu Yu rebukes him for refusing to surrender, but he does not answer Liu Yu at all and only entrusts his mother to the Jin general Liu Jingxuan, who had previously been a subject of his uncle Murong De.

Gerontius has by this time promoted one Maximus (his son, or possibly one of his staff), to the rank of Augustus.

Gerontius now marches into Gaul, leaving Maximus in Spain.

Raiders from Ireland, such as the Uí Liatháin and Laigin, harry the British coasts.

They plunder towns and capture slaves but later colonize will large areas of what is called Gwynedd, in particular Llŷn, the coasts of Arllechwedd, Arfon and the Isle of Mona.

Saxon pirates raid Britain, which Constantine has left defenseless.

The Roman inhabitants of Britain and Armorica, obviously upset that Constantine can no longer effectively defend them, rebel and expel his officials.

Western Emperor Honorius sends his Rescript (diplomatic letters) to the Romano-British magistrates, where he explains that the cities in Britain must provide for their own defense against the Angles, Jutes, and Saxons.

This effectively ends Roman rule in Great Britain.

Murong Chao is delivered to the Jin capital Jiankang and executed; some three thousand Southern Yan officials and nobles are executed as well.

Constantine's response to this tightening circle of enemies is a final desperate gamble: encouraged by the entreaties of Honorius' magister equitum, Allobichus, who wants to replace Honorius with a more capable ruler, Constantine marches on Italy with the remaining troops left to him, crossing the Alps into Liguria.

When he learns of the death of Allobichus, whom Honorius had suspected of treachery, Constantine is forced to retreat into Gaul in the late spring of 410.

He is now faced by troops from Spain who have invaded Gaul under Gerontius, who besieges him in Arles.

Flavius Constantius, Roman general and politician, is promoted to the rank of magister militum.

He becomes the imperial adviser of Honorius, and the power behind the throne in the Western Roman Empire.

The Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, also called the Council of Mar Isaac, meets in 410 in Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the capital of the Sassanid Empire of Persia.

The council extends official recognition to the Empire's Christian community, later to be known as the Church of the East, and establishes the Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon as its Catholicos, or leader.

It marks a major milestone in the history of the Church of the East and of Christianity in Asia in general.

The council is called by Mar Isaac, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, who is then declared as the primate of the Sassanid church, confirming him as Catholicos and Archbishop of all the Orient.

The decision is substantial, as Christians in the Sassanid Empire up to that point are fairly disorganized and persecuted, and Zoroastrianism is instead the primary religion of the Empire.

In 409, permission had been formally given by the Zoroastrian King Yezdegerd to the Christians to even exist: to worship openly, and to rebuild destroyed churches, though they are not allowed to proselytize.

The Synod also declares its adherence to the decisions of the Council of Nicea and subscribes to the Nicene Creed.

 Attalus represents the interests of many of the senatorial aristocrats, interests that differ from those of the emperor Honorius in Ravenna.

The appeal of Attalus' authority is therefore limited to Italy, where he is by no means universally accepted.

Born a pagan and having remained so, he is baptized during his reign by an Arian Gothic bishop.

Dispatching an unsuccessful expedition against Heraclianus, Attalus fails to establish his control over the Diocese of Africa, and no grain arrives in Rome, where the famine becomes even more frightful.

Jerome reports cannibalism within the walls.

Attalus has brought Alaric no real advantage, failing also to come to any useful agreement with Honorius (who is offered mutilation, humiliation, and exile).

In the summer of 410, he marches on Ravenna in the company of Alaric.