Both armies are plagued with desertions throughout…

Ayutthayan monarch Borommatrailokanat, seeking to gain a more centralized and tighter military control, transfers his capital to Phitsanulok in 1463.

The Ayutthayans, repulsing another Chiang Mai invasion and assault on Sukhothai, force the invaders far back into their own territory.

Later in 1463, the Chaing Mais, fighting the Battle of Boi Da in the moonlight and with the use of elephants, drive Ayutthayan troops into a swamp and force their withdrawal.

The Principality of Yaroslavl is finally absorbed into the Grand Principality of Moscow in 1463, with the area it once covered becoming an oblast within the new structure of the Muscovite state.

From this point forward, the history of the city and its lands will become completely inseparable from that of Moscow and eventually Russia.

Hungary, Venice, and the papacy form an alliance in 1463 to counter Ottoman Turkish gains in Serbia, which Mehmed had annexed in 1459.

Hungarian forces evict Ottoman garrisons from many fortresses here.

The Ottoman Turks conquer most of the rest of Bosnia proper in 1463, although Hungary takes over parts of Herzegovina and some northern areas of Bosnia.

The successes of Skanderbeg’s resistance fighters, who often employ guerilla tactics against the Turkish invaders, had led to a major victory in 1461 that enabled Skanderbeg to force a ten-year truce on the Porte (the Ottoman government), but he himself breaks the truce in 1463 in response to Pope Pius II’s call for a new crusade against the Ottoman Turks.

Albanian forces raid Macedonia later in the year.

Most of Bosnia along the upper Bosna and Drina Rivers has gradually fallen to the Ottomans.

After a series of bloody battles, the Turks bring the area under their control in 1463, but the Bosnians continue sporadic rebellion in some areas.

The Turks execute the last Kotromanic king, Stephen Tomashevic, and incorporate Bosnia into their empire.

The Bosnians, however, continue sporadic rebellion in some areas.

Many of the Bogomils, numerous in Bosnia in this and the previous century, adopt Islam.

Venice, since Constantinople’s fall to the Ottomans in 1453, has managed to maintain a colony in the city and some of the former trade privileges it had had under the Greeks.

Despite the recent Ottoman defeats against John Hunyadi of Hungary and Skanderbeg in Albania, war is however unavoidable.

The Venetian fortress of Argos is ravaged in 1463.

Venice, setting up an alliance with Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, attacks the Greek islands by sea and Bulgaria by land.

Mani had remained under the control of the Despotate of Morea in May 1453 after the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Mehmet II took Constantinople.

Mehmet had occupied the Peloponnese in May 1460.

The Despotate of Morea had been ruled by the two brothers of Constantine XI, who had died defending Constantinople.

However, neither Demetrios Palaiologos nor Thomas Palaiologos had chosen to follow his example and defend the Peloponnese.

Thomas has instead fled to Italy, while Demetrios has sought refuge with Mehmet, to whom Helena Palaiologina, a daughter of Demetrios and Theodora Asanina, had been given in marriage.

Kladas, a Greek from Laconia, had in 1461 been granted lordship by Mehmet over Elos and Varvounia.

Mehmet had hoped that Kladas would defend Laconia from the Maniots.

During this time, Mani's population has grown as a result of an influx of refugees who have come from other areas of Greece.

Kladas turns against the Ottomans in 1463 and joins the Venetians, leading the Maniots against the Ottomans with Venetian aid.