Ibrahim Pasha and Bashir II at first…

Ibrahim Pasha and Bashir II at first rule harshly and exact high taxes.

These practices lead to several revolts and eventually end their power.

In May 1840, despite the efforts of Bashir, the Maronites and Druzes unite their forces against the Egyptians.

In addition, the principal European powers (Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia), opposing the pro-Egyptian policy of the French, sign the London Treaty with the Sublime Porte (the Ottoman ruler) on July 15, 1840.

According to the terms of this treaty, Muhammad Ali is asked to leave Syria; when he rejects this request, Ottoman and British troops land on the Lebanese coast on September 10, 1840.

Faced with this combined force, Muhammad Ali retreats, and on October 14, 1840, Bashir II surrenders to the British and goes into exile.