The major Italian republics establish merchant colonies…
1107 CE
The major Italian republics establish merchant colonies and trade routes to the Near East with the help of the Frankish rulers in Jerusalem.
They are under the protection of their mother countries and exclude Jewish traders, who until now have been very active.
Assistance to the crusader kingdoms in the following years will also provided by Italian merchants who have established themselves in Syrian ports, and from the religious and military orders of the Knights Templars and the Knights Hospitaller, which will be created during the reign of Baldwin I.
Both will grow out of the need to protect and care for the great influx of pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem in the twelfth century.
People
Al-Afdal Shahanshah
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Alexios I Komnenos
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Baldwin I of Jerusalem
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Bohemond I of Antioch
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Edgar (the) Ætheling
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Eustace III
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Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan
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Gaston IV
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Iftikhar al-Dawla
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Kerbogha
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Kilij Arslan I
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Manuel Boutoumites
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Raymond IV
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Robert Curthose
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Robert II, Count of Flanders
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Tancred
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William the Carpenter
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Groups
Arab people
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Persian people
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Armenian people
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Jews
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Kurdish people
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Lombards (West Germanic tribe)
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Germans
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Christians, Armenian Apostolic Orthodox
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Christians, Maronite
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Christians, Miaphysite (Oriental Orthodox)
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Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
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Greeks, Medieval (Byzantines)
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Islam
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Egypt in the Middle Ages
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Muslims, Sunni
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Muslims, Shi'a
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Syrian people
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Venice, Duchy of
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Papal States (Republic of St. Peter)
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Toulouse, County of
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Flanders, County of
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Abbasid Caliphate (Baghdad)
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Normandy, Duchy of
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Normans
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German, or Ottonian (Roman) Empire
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Turkmen people
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Cyprus, East Roman (Byzantine)
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Fatimid Caliphate
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France, (Capetian) Kingdom of
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Pisa, (first) Republic of
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Hungary, Kingdom of
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Genoa, (Most Serene) Republic of
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Druze, or Druse, the
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Bulgaria, Theme of
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Lorraine (Lothier), Lower, (second) Duchy of
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Seljuq Empire (Isfahan)
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Christians, Roman Catholic
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Christians, Eastern Orthodox
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England, (Norman) Kingdom of
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Danishmends
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Amalfi, Duchy of
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Rum, Sultanate of
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Apulia, Norman Duchy of
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Aleppo, Seljuq Emirate of
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Armenia, Baronry of Little, or Lesser
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Roman Empire, Eastern: Komnenos dynasty, restored
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Antioch, Principality of
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Edessa, County of
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Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
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Palestine, Frankish (Outremer)
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Tripoli, County of
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